Country Access

Regulatory notes

• Japan added 23 semiconductor-manufacturing equipment items to its export controls on July 23, 2023.

Chip industry

Rapidus reported 2 nm gate-all-around transistor prototypes at IIM-1 in July 2025; its announcement targeted mass production for 2027. Renesas manufactures semiconductors in Japan, and Kioxia produces flash memory at Yokkaichi. Tokyo Electron supplies semiconductor-manufacturing equipment.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• The Netherlands expanded its national export-authorization requirement for specified DUV equipment on September 7, 2024. The preceding controls had taken effect on September 1, 2023.
• The Dutch requirement applies to covered exports outside the EU and provides case-by-case review.
• Dutch controls also cover servicing exports involving specified parts, software and technology for controlled equipment.

Chip industry

ASML develops EUV and DUV lithography systems, which chipmakers use to print circuit patterns on wafers. Its Veldhoven factories assemble both types of system. NXP manufactures semiconductors at Nijmegen and has automotive-electronics design teams in Delft.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Chip industry

Samsung announced HBM4 mass production and commercial shipments in February 2026. Its HBM4 combines DRAM with a 4 nm logic base die. SK hynix reported that its HBM4 mass shipments began in Q2 2026.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• Taiwan’s legislature passed its AI Basic Act on December 23, 2025.
• Foreign-produced chips can be subject to the EAR.

Chip industry

CSET’s October 2021 report put Taiwan’s share of leading-edge pure-play foundry manufacturing at ~92%. This is a historical country-level estimate.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• The UK launched Sovereign AI on April 16, 2026, with £500 million to support domestic AI companies. Its support includes investment and access to computing resources.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• The CHIPS and Science Act appropriated $52.7 billion for semiconductor manufacturing, research and related workforce programmes.

Chip industry

TSMC’s first Arizona fab entered N4 production in Q4 2024. Intel also manufactures in the US, and GlobalFoundries operates facilities in New York and Vermont.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• An August 2026 selection process seeks an integrated high-performance computing system for AI, with planned installation in Macaíba.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• C$800 million of the Budget 2025 sovereign-compute proposal came from previously provisioned funds.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• NVIDIA’s June 2025 announcement described a first phase of 18,000 Grace Blackwell systems for Mistral AI’s planned cloud platform.

Chip industry

STMicroelectronics manufactures chips at Crolles, alongside design and research activities.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• The EU Chips Act applies in this EU member state.
• EU AI Act obligations apply to in-scope providers of general-purpose AI models; the Commission’s guidance explains provider status and open-source exemptions.

Chip industry

Infineon has semiconductor production and development operations in Regensburg. ESMC, the TSMC–Bosch–Infineon–NXP joint venture, broke ground on its Dresden fab in August 2024.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Chip industry

Tata Electronics is building a foundry in Dholera with planned processes from 28 nm to 110 nm, in partnership with Taiwan’s PSMC.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• Microsoft’s May 2025 announcement reports an operational cloud region. It does not specify the accelerator allocation available to a particular customer.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Chip industry

Intel manufactures semiconductors in Kiryat Gat. Tower Semiconductor operates fabs in Migdal Haemek for technologies including sensors, power semiconductors and silicon photonics.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Chip industry

STMicroelectronics manufactures semiconductors at Agrate and Catania. Agrate also houses design and research for MEMS and smart-power technologies.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• March 2026 reporting described a planned 36,000-GPU Blackwell cluster operated by Aolani Cloud for remote use by ByteDance. The report does not establish operation of the full cluster or transaction-specific export authorization.

Chip industry

Intel operates assembly and test facilities in Penang and Kulim.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• On August 4, 2026, the Norwegian government announced a further consultation on its AI bill for autumn 2026. The minister aimed to submit the bill to Parliament in spring 2027.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• NVIDIA reported the launch of Singtel’s RE:AI in May 2025, with AI-cloud services intended for enterprises, government and researchers.

Chip industry

GlobalFoundries opened its Singapore fab expansion in September 2023.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• The EU Chips Act applies in this EU member state.
• EU AI Act obligations apply to in-scope providers of general-purpose AI models; the Commission’s guidance explains provider status and open-source exemptions.

Chip industry

Ericsson designs silicon for radio-access networks, including neural-network accelerators for AI inference in radios. This describes its products, without establishing wafer manufacture in Sweden.

Access basis1.00

This value encodes destination-level access for the listed accelerators. The recipient or end use can still trigger a license requirement.

Regulatory notes

• The July 2026 rule removed the UAE from Country Groups D:3 and D:4 and added it to A:5.
• Supplement no. 8 to part 740 approves UAE government agencies, including the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces. That government-agency approval excludes state-owned corporations, contractors and grantees.
• The supplement separately lists G42, Core42, and eight US-headquartered AI companies and their subsidiaries: Amazon, Apple, Google, Meta, Microsoft, OpenAI, Oracle and X.AI.
• The ultimate consignee and every end user must be approved recipients; EAR part 744 end-use and end-user controls still apply. G42 and Core42’s authorization expires April 6, 2027 absent subsequent BIS notice.
• Before this rule, Commerce announced authorization on November 19, 2025 for G42 purchases equivalent to up to 35,000 GB300 chips, subject to security and reporting requirements.
• Microsoft’s November 2025 account projected $15.2 billion in UAE investment and spending across 2023–2029, including its $1.5 billion G42 equity investment, datacenter capital costs and local operating costs.

Access basis

No ratio is stated because no source on record establishes the quantity.

The approved-recipient rules establish conditional access to advanced-computing items. They do not supply a quantitative discount for licensing friction.

UAE approved-recipient rule, July 2026

Tier movement on record

Restricted → U.S.-Allied, effective 2026-07-10: Enhanced Favorable Treatment for the United Arab Emirates Under the Export Administration Regulations — Country Group A:5 placement, license-free advanced computing to supplement-no.-8 approved entities (91 FR 43034).

Regulatory notes

• Commerce announced the HUMAIN authorization on November 19, 2025; the approval is conditional on security and reporting requirements, with ongoing BIS monitoring.
• NVIDIA’s May 2025 announcement described a planned first phase of 18,000 GB300 chips.

Access basis

No ratio is stated because no source on record establishes the quantity.

The cited authorization establishes a conditional procurement route for HUMAIN. It provides no calibrated measure of licensing friction or Saudi access to frontier compute.

Commerce authorization for HUMAIN, November 2025

Access routes and alternatives

Regulatory notes

• The January 2026 pathway applies to qualifying US exports to China or Macau below 21,000 TPP and 6,500 GB/s total DRAM bandwidth. H200 and MI325X are examples, not an exhaustive eligibility list.
• The rule caps aggregate TPP exported to China and Macau against 50% of TPP shipped to US customers for US end-use for the same commodities, from first commercial US shipment through application. Supply, end-use, security and testing conditions also apply.
• BIS’s May 2025 guidance lists Ascend 910B, 910C and 910D as PRC advanced-computing chips subject to the presumption that General Prohibition 10 applies: they were likely developed or produced in violation of US export controls, so using them without BIS authorization risks violating those controls.

Chip industry

Huawei designs the Ascend family. SemiAnalysis’s April 2025 review of Ascend 910C described continued reliance on foreign memory and fabrication.

Access basis~0.35

A dated comparison of dense BF16 peak throughput: SemiAnalysis reported 780 TFLOPS per Ascend 910C chip/package in April 2025; NVIDIA lists 2,250 TFLOPS for B200 without sparsity. The quotient, 780 ÷ 2,250, rounds to 0.35. Country-level compute availability is not quantified by this chip comparison.

Ascend 910C: 780 dense BF16 TFLOPS, April 2025

B200: 2,250 non-sparse BF16 TFLOPS

Access routes and alternatives

Regulatory notes

• EAR 746.8 requires licenses for items subject to the EAR and listed on the Commerce Control List. Paragraph (b) provides the review policy, including specified case-by-case purposes and recipients; paragraph (c) lists narrow exceptions.

Access basis0.00

The value encodes the embargoed access category. The sources recorded here do not quantify installed AI compute or capacity obtained through intermediaries.

Russia and Belarus sanctions, EAR 746.8

Access routes and alternatives

Regulatory notes

• EAR 746.7 generally denies licenses outside specified humanitarian and civil-aviation purposes. OFAC authorization can also satisfy the EAR authorization requirement for transactions covered by both regimes.

Access basis

No ratio is stated because no source on record establishes the quantity.

The sources recorded here do not quantify Iran’s access to AI compute. Reported intermediary routes and possible Chinese hardware procurement do not establish a comparable ratio.

Regulatory notes

• EAR 746.4 requires a license for exports and reexports of items subject to the EAR, with specified exclusions and narrow exceptions. For Commerce Control List items, it points to the review policies in EAR 742.19.

Access basis0.00

The value encodes the embargoed access category. No inventory or calculation in this profile establishes the amount of AI compute in use.

Access routes and alternatives

Regulatory notes

• EAR 746.8 requires licenses for items subject to the EAR and listed on the Commerce Control List. Paragraph (b) provides the review policy, including specified case-by-case purposes and recipients; paragraph (c) lists narrow exceptions.

Chip industry

Baikal Electronics describes itself as a Russian fabless developer of processors and microcontrollers.

Access basis0.00

The value encodes the embargoed access category. The sources recorded here do not quantify installed AI compute or capacity obtained through intermediaries.

Russia and Belarus sanctions, EAR 746.8