Colossus 2
Operational; xAI is recorded as owning the AI hardware inside this site
Description quoted from Epoch AI Frontier Data Centers
xAI Colossus 2 is the follow-up to Colossus 1. Like its predecessor, it is located in Memphis and was converted from an existing building. To start powering the data center, xAI made the unusual choice to install natural gas turbines across the border in Mississippi, possibly to get faster approval for their operation. We use a combination of satellite/aerial images and announcements to estimate the timeline and compute capacity of the data center.
Source: Epoch AI Frontier Data Centers, CC BY 4.0
Date in site records: Jun 15, 2026. Site data: Epoch AI Frontier Data Centers.
Ownership and operation
AI hardware owner · per catalog
xAI 1 finding
Recorded parent
Which organisation owns the AI hardware inside it?
AI hardware owner · per catalog xAI. Epoch AI's field for who owns the AI hardware, which it defines as not necessarily the owner or operator of the facility. source
Export controls and government links
No export-control designations were found in the checked company chains.
Headquarters jurisdiction
A company in the ownership chain is headquartered in the United States
United States: Operates the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and the BIS Entity List under 15 CFR 730–774; deemed-export rules extend reach to foreign nationals on US soil. Export-control regimes listed for this jurisdiction: Wassenaar Arrangement, US EAR (BIS Entity List authority).
Capacity
Facility power
Estimated.
Power for IT equipment
Estimated.
Accelerators
An estimated 1,111,672 H100-equivalent.
xAI Colossus 2 (Memphis) has 4 records, and their power figures are never added together. Across the platform, recorded totals count the marked figure once; operating totals count a member’s figure only if it is operating capacity.
Scope: site total · Status: operational · counted in recorded totals
Colossus 2
Scope: multi-site program total · Status: expanding
Scope: named cluster (phase 1) · Status: announced
Scope: named cluster (phase 2) · Status: announced
Power comparison
1.276 GW is at the 100th percentile among the 310 operating AI Training records with a reported power figure. These represent 84% of the 369 operating AI Training records tracked; announced, under-construction and campus build-out figures are not ranked. The scale ends at the largest operating figure in this group, 1.276 GW.
- When this flag was raised, the FLOP figure here diverged from Epoch AI’s published estimate by more than 50%. The record no longer has a FLOP figure.
Curator’s working note
When this flag was raised, this record's peak FP16 figure, 569,705 PFLOP/s, was the sum of three operational phases of xAI's Memphis cluster: Phase 1 (98,940), Phase 2 (197,885) and Phase 3 (272,880). Those are Colossus 1's phases, not this site's; the deployment linker read "Colossus 1" and "Colossus 2" as the same name. Epoch AI also chains the three cumulatively, each phase including the one before, so their sum counted the same accelerators more than once. The linker was corrected on 22 Oct 2026 and the record no longer has a peak FP16 figure. A since-retired validation table had compared the sum with four Epoch AI cluster records and reported divergences from −58.6% to +187.9%.
Methods and sources
Ownership roles
Title identifies the legal owner of the site; operation identifies who runs it. AI-hardware ownership follows the catalog’s attribution of the machines inside, whose owner may lease the facility.
Each role requires its own attribution. An operator named in a source supplies evidence of operation only.
Parent companies
Ownership checks start with each company named at the site and follow recorded parent relationships. A company holding several roles is checked once. Its linked company page lists the relationships and their sources; further parents may remain undocumented.
Level 1 identifies a company at the site, level 2 its parent, and each further level another parent. Export-control designations and government investments are assigned to the company concerned.
Missing values
Unrecorded roles remain blank. Findings whose company position is unresolved stay in the list with that position labelled unknown.
Publication limits
Subscription corporate data helps identify parent relationships and sovereign investments. Publication is limited to relationship classes and supporting public sources; licensed records, identifiers and values are withheld.
Epoch AI estimates capacity using satellite imagery, permits and corporate disclosures. Its catalog is the source for this site record.
Four records describe xAI’s second Memphis-area site and overlapping projects. Power totals use Epoch’s site estimate. The announced cluster-phase figures of 264.26 and 1,409.41 MW are excluded from power totals. The 2,000 MW press figure covers the wider Memphis programme, including Colossus 1 and Colossus 2; it is retained here for comparison and is also excluded.
Related analysis
- Colossus 2 on the global mapOpens the map at this site’s pin, among the facilities around it.
- Colossus 2 in the threshold comparisonEach listed site’s estimated compute against regulatory training thresholds, or the reason no estimate is admitted.
- B200 in Chip ClassificationA part this site’s recorded inventory names, with its China export status and every other site that lists it.
- Allied coordination: No documented gapThe Allied Coordination Gap Analyzer lists this site under that class of ownership chain.
- United States country profileFacility capacity, government programmes and export-control access for the country this site is in.
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