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Scrutica
Record to Jun 15, 2026

Colossus 1

TypeAI TrainingStatusOperationalWhereMemphis, Tennessee, USIndexed fromEpoch AI Frontier Data Centers

Operational; xAI is recorded as owning the AI hardware inside this site

Description quoted from Epoch AI Frontier Data Centers

xAI Colossus 1 was converted from a factory into a data center in 2024. It is unusual among large scale AI data centers in the mixture of different types of cooling and power infrastructure. Initially, Colossus 1 was powered by portable gas turbines and a small pre-existing substation. This infrastructure has since been joined by two additional substations providing power from the local grid, with batteries providing backup power. Cooling for the building is accomplished with both air-cooled chillers and cooling towers.

Source: Epoch AI Frontier Data Centers, CC BY 4.0

1/3site roles identified2 site relationships1 finding in the company chain0 export-control designationsFurthest finding: company at site

Date in site records: Jun 15, 2026. Site data: Epoch AI Frontier Data Centers.

Ownership and operation

Plate I. Site owner, operator and hardware ownerscrutica.com · data to Jun 15, 2026

AI hardware owner · per catalog

xAI 1 recorded parent level 1 finding

Recorded parent Parent company

Which organisation owns the AI hardware inside it?

Colossus 1Site

AI hardware owner · per catalog xAI. Epoch AI's field for who owns the AI hardware, which it defines as not necessarily the owner or operator of the facility. source

Companies are grouped by their role at the site, with recorded parents above them. Record source: Epoch AI Frontier Data Centers; authority tier 2. Each role is drawn only as the relationship its own source establishes, listed above; none implies exclusive control of the full site. Ticks count the export-control and government-link findings for each company.
Plate II. Organisations recorded at the sitescrutica.com · data to Jun 15, 2026

Uses the compute

Anthropic

Named in Epoch AI's field for labs using the compute; it records use, not a lease.

Epoch AI Frontier Data Centers source

Power provider

Memphis Light, Gas & Water Division

Named in Epoch AI's field for companies involved in providing power to the site.

Epoch AI Frontier Data Centers source

Two relationships are recorded at Colossus 1, under two labels: “Uses the compute” and “Power provider”.

Export controls and government links

No export-control designations were found in the checked company chains.

Plate III. Export controls and government linksscrutica.com · data to Jun 15, 2026
site1A company in the ownership chain is headquartered in the United States2company levels
Company at site

Headquarters jurisdiction
A company in the ownership chain is headquartered in the United States

United States: Operates the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and the BIS Entity List under 15 CFR 730–774; deemed-export rules extend reach to foreign nationals on US soil. Export-control regimes listed for this jurisdiction: Wassenaar Arrangement, US EAR (BIS Entity List authority).

Country is the recorded headquarters location.Linked through the company recorded as owning the AI hardware inside this site.

Triangle: export-control designation or regulatory flag. Square: sovereign capital linkage. Circle: headquarters jurisdiction. Level 1 is a company at the site; higher levels are its parents. 1 finding is recorded; 0 are export-control designations.

Capacity

Reading. Power and acceleratorsscrutica.com · data to Jun 15, 2026
425 MW

Facility power

Estimated.

340 MW

Power for IT equipment

Estimated.

230,000

Accelerators

275,795 H100-equivalent.

Present inventory by partition

230,000 accelerators across 3 admitted partitions; theoretical dense FP16 peak 272,900 PFLOP/s.

  1. 150,000 × NVIDIA H100 SXM5 80GB

    installed (from the facility status)

    989.5 TFLOP/s dense FP16 per accelerator · partition peak 148,425 PFLOP/s · rate citation

    Epoch AI GPU Clusters (Confirmed) — note breakdown · 2025-07-22 · tier 1

  2. 50,000 × NVIDIA H200 SXM

    installed (from the facility status)

    989.5 TFLOP/s dense FP16 per accelerator · partition peak 49,475 PFLOP/s · rate citation

    Epoch AI GPU Clusters (Confirmed) — note breakdown · 2025-07-22 · tier 1

  3. 30,000 × NVIDIA GB200

    installed (from the facility status)

    2,500 TFLOP/s dense FP16 per accelerator · partition peak 75,000 PFLOP/s · rate citation

    Epoch AI GPU Clusters (Confirmed) — note breakdown · 2025-07-22 · tier 1

Every partition is admitted from the record’s own evidence; at least one count is flagged as an estimate. Rates are the cited dense FP16 figure per accelerator; the sum applies the methodology’s utilization and interconnect assumptions and is a theoretical aggregate, not one job’s throughput. The catalogue figures above are the record’s scalar fields (the source’s transcription, or its recorded correction) and are a different basis.

xAI Colossus 1 (Memphis) has 4 records, and their power figures are never added together. Across the platform, recorded totals count the marked figure once; operating totals count a member’s figure only if it is operating capacity.

Scope: site total · Status: operational · counted in recorded totals

Colossus 1

425 MW · operating capacity · Epoch AI Frontier Data Centers

Scope: named cluster (phase 1) · Status: operational

xAI Colossus Memphis Phase 1

150 MW · not operating capacity (earlier phase of an operating cluster) · Epoch AI GPU Clusters

Scope: named cluster (phase 2) · Status: operational

xAI Colossus Memphis Phase 2

280 MW · not operating capacity (earlier phase of an operating cluster) · Epoch AI GPU Clusters

Scope: named cluster (phase 3) · Status: operational

xAI Colossus Memphis Phase 3

352 MW · operating capacity · Epoch AI GPU Clusters

Power comparison

425 MW is at the 98th percentile among the 310 operating AI Training records with a reported power figure. These represent 84% of the 369 operating AI Training records tracked; announced, under-construction and campus build-out figures are not ranked. The scale ends at the largest operating figure in this group, 1,276 MW.

Methods and sources

Ownership roles

Title identifies the legal owner of the site; operation identifies who runs it. AI-hardware ownership follows the catalog’s attribution of the machines inside, whose owner may lease the facility.

Each role requires its own attribution. An operator named in a source supplies evidence of operation only.

Parent companies

Ownership checks start with each company named at the site and follow recorded parent relationships. A company holding several roles is checked once. Its linked company page lists the relationships and their sources; further parents may remain undocumented.

Level 1 identifies a company at the site, level 2 its parent, and each further level another parent. Export-control designations and government investments are assigned to the company concerned.

Missing values

Unrecorded roles remain blank. Findings whose company position is unresolved stay in the list with that position labelled unknown.

Publication limits

Subscription corporate data helps identify parent relationships and sovereign investments. Publication is limited to relationship classes and supporting public sources; licensed records, identifiers and values are withheld.

Epoch AI estimates capacity using satellite imagery, permits and corporate disclosures. Its catalog is the source for this site record.

Curator’s note on this campus

Four Epoch records describe xAI’s first Memphis site and its cluster phases. Power totals use Epoch’s site estimate. Phase figures of 150, 280.28 and 352.35 MW remain visible but are excluded from power totals. Epoch’s GPU-clusters data marks phase 1 as superseded by phase 2 and phase 2 by phase 3, so operating accelerator totals count the cluster once, at phase 3.

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