Scrutica
20
Models tracked
Feb 2023 - Jan 2026
Source: Epoch AI notable_ai_models + capabilities_index + Arcee AI blog
?$388M
Frontier peak cost
Grok 4, Jul 2025 (2023 USD)
Source: Epoch AI estimate (2023 USD), xAI 200K GPU cluster
24.7 ECI/$M
Efficiency leader
DeepSeek-V3 ($5.6M disclosed)
Source: DeepSeek paper, H800 GPU-hrs
~65x
US/China efficiency gap
DeepSeek-V3 vs. Grok 4
Source: Compares DeepSeek's disclosed final-run cost against Epoch's total training estimate. Not a like-for-like comparison.