{ "_format": "scrutica-export-v1", "metadata": { "title": "Abqaiq 2.0: Saudi Grid and Compute Co-Location: Historical incidents", "exported_at": "2026-11-11T16:55:44.335Z", "page_url": "https://scrutica.com/scenarios/abqaiq-2", "methodology_url": "https://scrutica.com/methodology", "license": "See https://scrutica.com/about for current license terms", "citation": "Scrutica (2026). Abqaiq 2.0: Saudi Grid and Compute Co-Location: Historical incidents. Retrieved November 11, 2026, from https://scrutica.com/scenarios/abqaiq-2", "record_count": 5, "processing": "Pairs inside the 200 km distance screen are grouped by their assigned shared substation, shared grid zone or proximity across different zones. The distance screen is an editorial choice applied before rounding (distance strictly less than 200 km), not a blast radius or an outage-propagation model. Substation assignments include inferred connections. The assessment does not simulate electrical failures or backup power. 4 authored cases retain their disruption assumptions; scenario outage descriptions are assumptions, not calculated forecasts. Missing capacities, generation and backup duration remain unknown, never zero. The former defense-gap circles, site-hardening classifications, severity equation and future-risk predictions were withdrawn. Export time is not source vintage; event dates are preserved separately from unknown per-record source vintages.", "provenance_fields": { "is_estimated": "A per-record flag, set by the pipeline step that last wrote it, under that step’s own rule. True means that step judged the record estimated, on grounds that include a modeled, derived or inferred value, an unconfirmed record and a secondary source. False means no such judgment is recorded; it is not a verification. Read the flag with the record’s authority tier.", "data_source": "primary data source for this record", "source_url": "direct URL to the primary source, when available", "authority_tier": "reliability rating: 1=primary filing, 2=research DB, 3=press/analyst, 4=Scrutica-inferred, 5=unverified", "estimation_method": "how estimated values were derived (reported, hardware_derived, power_derived, cost_imputed, benchmark_inferred, cross_source_reconciled, editorial, aggregated)", "data_vintage": "when the underlying source data was originally produced (not when Scrutica accessed it)" }, "data_sources": [ { "name": "Saudi Energy Infrastructure", "url": "https://www.aramco.com/", "authority_tier": 1, "tier_label": "Primary filing (SEC, government, company disclosure)" }, { "name": "Aramco Disclosures", "url": "https://www.aramco.com/en/investors", "authority_tier": 1, "tier_label": "Primary filing (SEC, government, company disclosure)" }, { "name": "Aramco restoration statement, 17 September 2019", "url": "https://www.aramco.com/en/news-media/news/2019/saudi-aramco-swiftly-restores-production-capacity", "authority_tier": 1, "tier_label": "Primary filing (SEC, government, company disclosure)" }, { "name": "Scrutica facilities register", "url": "/methodology", "authority_tier": 2, "tier_label": "Research database (Epoch AI, CSET, etc.)" }, { "name": "AWS Saudi Arabia Region announcement, 2026-08-31: https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-cloud-region-saudi-arabia", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-cloud-region-saudi-arabia", "authority_tier": 1, "tier_label": "Primary filing (SEC, government, company disclosure)" }, { "name": "Google Cloud regional catalogue (region identity): https://status.cloud.google.com/regional/middle-east", "url": "https://status.cloud.google.com/regional/middle-east", "authority_tier": 1, "tier_label": "Primary filing (SEC, government, company disclosure)" }, { "name": "Oracle region history: https://www.oracle.com/sa/cloud/cloud-regions/riyadh/", "url": "https://www.oracle.com/sa/cloud/cloud-regions/riyadh/", "authority_tier": 1, "tier_label": "Primary filing (SEC, government, company disclosure)" }, { "name": "Oracle release note, 2024-07-31: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/releasenotes/changes/45cb2bf5-290f-40fb-af89-b7b9455f35fe/index.htm", "url": "https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/releasenotes/changes/45cb2bf5-290f-40fb-af89-b7b9455f35fe/index.htm", "authority_tier": 1, "tier_label": "Primary filing (SEC, government, company disclosure)" }, { "name": "DataVolt–MODON project announcement, 2025-02-20 (project context; existing coordinates and construction status remain unverified): https://data-volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DataVolt-x-MODON-Press-Release.pdf", "url": "https://data-volt.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DataVolt-x-MODON-Press-Release.pdf", "authority_tier": 3, "tier_label": "Press / analyst report" }, { "name": "Incident history: Aramco, https://www.aramco.com/en/news-media/news/2019/incidents-at-abqaiq-and-khurais and https://www.aramco.com/en/news-media/news/2019/saudi-aramco-swiftly-restores-production-capacity. Other facility metadata: Aramco 2019 disclosure; UN Panel of Experts S/2020/326; CSIS.", "url": "https://www.aramco.com/en/news-media/news/2019/incidents-at-abqaiq-and-khurais", "authority_tier": 1, "tier_label": "Primary filing (SEC, government, company disclosure)" }, { "name": "Incident history: GCC Ministerial Council, March 2021, https://www.spa.gov.sa/w1526436. Other facility metadata: Reuters; Aramco.", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/w1526436", "authority_tier": 2, "tier_label": "Research database (Epoch AI, CSET, etc.)" }, { "name": "Incident history: Aramco Annual Report 2019, p. 53, https://www.aramco.com/-/media/publications/corporate-reports/annual-reports/saudi-aramco-ara-2019-english.pdf#page=55. Other facility metadata: Reuters; Aramco.", "url": "https://www.aramco.com/-/media/publications/corporate-reports/annual-reports/saudi-aramco-ara-2019-english.pdf#page=55", "authority_tier": 2, "tier_label": "Research database (Epoch AI, CSET, etc.)" }, { "name": "Saudi Ministry of Energy, 25 March 2022, via SPA", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/2340735", "authority_tier": 1, "tier_label": "Primary filing (SEC, government, company disclosure)" } ] }, "data": [ { "event_id": "abqaiq-2019-09-14", "facility_id": "pet-abqaiq", "facility_name": "Abqaiq Processing Facility", "date": "2019-09-14", "description": "Aramco reported attacks on Abqaiq and Khurais that initially suspended 5.7 million barrels per day of production across the two sites. The statement does not assign that combined loss to Abqaiq alone.", "source": "Aramco, 14 September 2019", "source_url": "https://www.aramco.com/en/news-media/news/2019/incidents-at-abqaiq-and-khurais", "authorityTier": 1, "data_source": "Aramco, 14 September 2019", "source_urls": [ "https://www.aramco.com/en/news-media/news/2019/incidents-at-abqaiq-and-khurais" ], "authority_tier": 1, "data_vintage": null, "is_estimated": null }, { "event_id": "khurais-2019-09-14", "facility_id": "pet-khurais", "facility_name": "Khurais Oil Field", "date": "2019-09-14", "description": "Khurais was attacked on the same day as Abqaiq. Aramco’s initial statement reported the production interruption across both sites; it did not give separate site-level restoration times.", "source": "Aramco, 14 September 2019", "source_url": "https://www.aramco.com/en/news-media/news/2019/incidents-at-abqaiq-and-khurais", "authorityTier": 1, "data_source": "Aramco, 14 September 2019", "source_urls": [ "https://www.aramco.com/en/news-media/news/2019/incidents-at-abqaiq-and-khurais" ], "authority_tier": 1, "data_vintage": null, "is_estimated": null }, { "event_id": "shaybah-2019-08", "facility_id": "pet-shaybah", "facility_name": "Shaybah NGL Facility", "date": "2019-08-17", "description": "Aramco’s annual report describes five UAVs damaging processing and cogeneration infrastructure. One NGL train resumed operations within two weeks.", "source": "Aramco Annual Report 2019, p. 53", "source_url": "https://www.aramco.com/-/media/publications/corporate-reports/annual-reports/saudi-aramco-ara-2019-english.pdf#page=55", "authorityTier": 1, "data_source": "Aramco Annual Report 2019, p. 53", "source_urls": [ "https://www.aramco.com/-/media/publications/corporate-reports/annual-reports/saudi-aramco-ara-2019-english.pdf#page=55" ], "authority_tier": 1, "data_vintage": null, "is_estimated": null }, { "event_id": "ras-tanura-2021-03", "facility_id": "pet-ras-tanura", "facility_name": "Ras Tanura petroleum storage", "date": "2021-03-07", "description": "The GCC reported a drone attack on petroleum storage at Ras Tanura. Its statement separately identifies a ballistic-missile attack on Aramco facilities in Dhahran on the same date.", "source": "GCC Ministerial Council, 17 March 2021, via SPA", "source_url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/w1526436", "authorityTier": 1, "data_source": "GCC Ministerial Council, 17 March 2021, via SPA", "source_urls": [ "https://www.spa.gov.sa/w1526436" ], "authority_tier": 1, "data_vintage": null, "is_estimated": null }, { "event_id": "jeddah-2022-03", "facility_id": null, "facility_name": "North Jeddah petroleum-products distribution station", "date": "2022-03-25", "description": "The Saudi Ministry of Energy reported an attack on the petroleum-products distribution station in North Jeddah.", "source": "Saudi Ministry of Energy, 25 March 2022, via SPA", "source_url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/2340735", "authorityTier": 1, "data_source": "Saudi Ministry of Energy, 25 March 2022, via SPA", "source_urls": [ "https://www.spa.gov.sa/2340735" ], "authority_tier": 1, "data_vintage": null, "is_estimated": null } ] }